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| aphelion = 7,939.7&nbsp;[[Gigametre|Gm]] (53.074&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]]) ...ude of Kuiper belt dwarf planet 136472 Makemake ({{mp|2005 FY|9}})], ''The Astronomical Journal'' '''138''' (2009), pp. 428-438. doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/138/2/428</ ...

| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific ...

...] astrophysics uses Doppler redshifts to determine the movement of distant astronomical objects.<ref name=basicastronomy>See Binney and Merrifeld (1998), Carroll a ...and related quantities in an expanding universe], (1934) ''Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands'', Vol. 7, p.205. He writes: "It thus becomes ...

...http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/lists/Trojans.html |publisher=International Astronomical Union (IAU) |accessdate=2009-01-22}}</ref> The name "Trojans" derives from .../cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/JupiterTrojans.html|publisher=International Astronomical Union (IAU)}}</ref> but the rate of discovery is growing rapidly as instrum ...

...fs: Spectroscopic Classification and the Metallicity Scale | journal = The Astronomical Journal | url = {{Adsabs|1997AJ....113..806G}} | volume = 113 | issue = 2 | | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=29 | issue=695 ...

...iper belt are known as [[Centaur (planetoid)|centaurs]]. The scale is in [[astronomical unit]]s. The pronounced gap at the bottom is due to obscuration by the band ...it]] of [[Neptune]] (at 30 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]) to approximately 55 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] from the [[Sun]]. <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.iop.org/EJ ...

...trophotography|photograph]] taken and the first to have its [[Astronomical spectroscopy|spectrum]] photographed. It was also one of the first stars to have its dis | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific ...

| journal=Astronomical Journal | year=1978 | journal=The Astronomical Journal ...

{{Otheruses1|the astronomical object}} ...tion]] and many other properties of a star by observing its [[Astronomical spectroscopy|spectrum]], [[luminosity]] and motion through space. The total mass of a st ...

...l, July 19–23, 2004'', edited by D. Koester and S. Moehler, San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2005.</ref> Also, some [[helium]] white dwarfs<ref ...onology], G. Fontaine, P. Brassard, and P. Bergeron, ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'' '''113''', #782 (April 2001), pp. 409&ndash;435.</ ...

| booktitle =Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ...eek language|Greek]]: [[Sothis]]), is recorded in the earliest [[astronomy|astronomical]] records. During the era of the [[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom]] ...

| title=Spectroscopy, Molecular Orbitals, and Chemical Bonding | title=Atomic Spectroscopy: A Compendium of Basic Ideas, Notation, Data, and Formulas ...

...YES&amp;type=PRINTER&amp;filetype=.pdf |journal=Quarterly Journal of Royal Astronomical Society |volume=24 |pages=283–309.|format=PDF}}</ref>—even if travel is har ...ication of [[exoplanets]] has come out of recent refinements in mainstream astronomical instruments and analysis. While this is a new field in astronomy — the firs ...

...ml|title=Discovery and Observation of a Fifth Satellite to Jupiter|journal=Astronomical Journal|volume=12|year=1892|pages=81&ndash;85|doi=10.1086/101715}}</ref> In ...ought to be broadly similar to its composition as a whole. Near-infrared [[spectroscopy]] has revealed the presence of water ice [[absorption band]]s at wavelength ...

...were not in common use until the mid-20th century. In much of the earlier astronomical literature, Ganymede is referred to instead by its Roman numeral designatio ...Tide on Europa|work=SPACE.com|accessdate=2007-12-07}}</ref> The superior [[Astronomical conjunction|conjunction]] between Io and Europa always occurs when Io is at ...

|journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] ...

...on of [[gravitational lens]]ing, where multiple images of the same distant astronomical object are visible in the sky. General relativity also predicts the existen ...n {{Harvnb|Ohanian|Ruffini|1994|loc=table 4.1 on p. 186}}.</ref> and using astronomical observations.<ref>E.g. {{Harvnb|Greenstein|Oke|Shipman|1971}}; the most rec ...