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...}}</ref> In enzymatic reactions, the [[molecule]]s at the beginning of the process are called [[Substrate (biochemistry)|substrates]], and the enzyme converts ...s from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''ενζυμον'', "in leaven", to describe this process. The word ''enzyme'' was used later to refer to nonliving substances such a ...

...logie'', '''86''', 321.</ref> Research into how [[vitamin E]] prevents the process of [[lipid peroxidation]] led to the identification of antioxidants as redu ...ear=2000 |pmid=11050436 |doi=10.1016/S0968-0004(00)01674-1}}</ref> In this process, the superoxide anion is produced as a [[by-product]] of several steps in t ...

...sed to transport protons across the [[inner mitochondrial membrane]], in a process called ''[[chemiosmosis]]''. This generates [[potential energy]] in the for ...ain to the ATP synthase by movements of protons across this membrane, in a process called ''[[chemiosmosis]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mitchell P, Moyle J ...

...cently pointed out that methane could also be produced by a non-biological process called [[Serpentinite|''serpentinization'']]{{Ref label|B|b|none}} involvin ...ologically dead; the end of volcanic activity has stopped the recycling of chemicals and minerals between the surface and interior of the planet.<ref> ...